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INTRODUCTION

The journey of the Angel of History, inspired by Paul Klee’s 1920 monoprint, Angelus Novus,
and conceptualized by Walter Benjamin in 1940,
functions as a foundational framework for my research into the role
of resolution in image processing technologies.

He writes:
Her eyes are staring, her mouth is open, her wings are spread. This is how one pictures the Angel of History.
Her face is turned toward the past, where she perceives a chain of events: catastrophes piling wreckage upon wreckage.
The Angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed.
But as the pile of debris before her grows skyward, a storm is blowing from Paradise;
it has caught her wings with violence, propelling her into a future to which her back is turned.
This is the storm we call progress.*

A century after her first appearance, image processing technologies have evolved dramatically.
The Angel traverses a landscape littered with piles of obsolete technology.
A landscape in which trade-offs stifle progress and standard settings obscure clarity.

Caught by distortion and impaired by blind spots,
The Angel finds it increasingly impossible to render the world around her.
She is stuck, desperately traversing an endless spiral of digital 'advancements' in resolution,
or: the Hologram PenRose-Stairs to Nowhere (aka Progress)

*transformed from: Benjamin, Walter. "Theses on the Philosophy of History",
Illuminations, trans. Harry Zohn, New York: Schocken Books, 1969: 249.

︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎ ︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎ ︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎ ︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎ ︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎ ︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎︎ ︎

DESTITUTE VISION

A journey through the realms of digital image processing,
traversing spaces that are not fully rendered.
At the end of her travels, the Angel embraces her role as Media Archaeologist from the future,
compiling her insights on image processing into Resolution Studies.

Collapse of PAL
////////////////////////////
produced for TV-TV
curated by
Kristoffer Gansing
and Linda Hilfling Ritasdatter
(2010)

This rendered version of the Collapse of PAL was produced during my residency at LabMIS São Paulo in 2011,
thanks to IMPAKT (NL).

Live performance in Brasil with Defi, Optical Machines and B. Fleischmann, commissioned by David Quiles Guilló / Nova Rojo

The Collapse of PAL (rendered version, 2010)

0000 — HOROLOGY: PROGRESS THROUGH OBSOLESCENCE

In a live television performance titled the Collapse of PAL, the Angel of History reflects on the transition from analog Phase Alternate Line signal (PAL, 625 lines, of which 576 visual transmission) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB, 720 x 576 pixels).

She expresses a desire to make whole what has been broken, but remains a passive observer, rationalizing the end of the signal:
PAL is just not good enough.

What she doesn’t realize then, is that a resolution will never be an endpoint. Instead, it is doomed to be an ongoing process of endless bends and breaks.

While the Angel mourns the violent ending of the signal, invisible traces of PAL persist, haunting the ‘better’ digital systems.

A Vernacular of File Formats (2010)
curated and acquired with the help of Ward Janssen by the Stedelijk Museum and MOTI in 2016. Installation for Stedelijk BASE collection commissioned by Karen Archey.
PDF available here

0001 — BENDS AND BREAKS REVEALING MATERIAL EVIDENCE

Unresolved (84.48 meters-long data file painted on canvas, partially wrapped, 2016)

UnResolved is inspired by
Beflix 29 PARALLEL STRIPES

Unwillingly pulled along the Hologram PenRose-Stairs to Nowhere, or what engineers call “Progress,“ the Angel is forced to migrate into the realms of digital image processing.

Upset by the loss of analog connection, her initial actions are disruptive.
In Acousmatic Videoscapes, she rebelliously manipulates the layers of digital image processing, triggering artifacts like feedback, compression and glitches. But over time, these ruptures seem to reveal something more than pure distortion. To her surprise, the breaks expose operations that normally remain invisible, hidden inside black-boxed technology.
Intrigued, the Angel examines these newly revealed qualities.

A key insight comes from UnResolved, an 84.48 meter-long data file organised as a bitmap, encoded pixel by pixel. The file demonstrates that digital resolution is no longer just vertically encoded (like the analog signal PAL). Instead, the long, unwrapped line of data reveals that digital resolution also needs horizontal quantization (and possibly other, meta-axes). Moreover, its final rendering depends on how hardware reads, displays or distorts the data.

Therefore, the resolved image and image resolution are not predetermined, static outcomes, but procedurally shaped by the entire technological apparatus, or imaging pipeline, encompassing production, dissemination, display and reception. Digital images are never truly fixed; they rely on constant reinterpretation taking place at every step of the image processing pipeline and beyond.

Armed with this new understanding of resolution, the Angel starts to experiment, poking at different elements of the rendering pipeline. In A Vernacular of File Formats, she playfully highlights the materiality that defines digital images, by transcoding a self-portrait into different common compression formats (GIF, BMP, JPEG, etc.). When glitching these visually identical images, they reveal the unique structures inherent to each compression method, exposing the otherwise hidden logic on the surface of the image.

As if on Glitch Safari, the Angel starts to enjoy recognizing the traces of their specific bends and breaks. She documents and describes these protocols and outlines how compressions can influence visual representation.

Radio Dada
Music by Extraboy. Nov 23, 2008.

To Smell and Taste Black Matter (1)
Music by Extraboy. Feb 15, 2009.

65 76 65 72 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 (...)
Sound by Rosa. Apr 17, 2010.

Washmountain. Music by Extraboy
Sep 6, 2009.

Acousmatic Videoscapes (2008 - )

DCT:SYPHONING. The 64th interval (2015 - .. )
///////////////////////////
a first iteration was conceived
for a commission by the photographers gallery (2016)

It was then exhibited at the Schafhof in Munich December 2015.

During my
Oregon Story Board residency 2016 - 2017
and finished during my time at Schloss Solitude
it released as VR as part of DiMoDA 2.0, (2016) by Alfredo Salazar-Caro and William Robertson

DCT:SYPHONING. The 64th interval (2015)

On one such trips, she observes a senior Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT, a key algorithm in JPEG compression, that converts 8x8 blocks of pixel intensities into 64 frequency components), instructing a Junior DCT how to transcode data from one compression language to another, or as they call it: how to ‘Syphon.’

In a scene reminiscent of Edwin Abbott Abbott’s Flatland (1884), Junior and Senior DCT Syphon from one Realm of Compression Complexity to the next. At first, they transcode simple artifacts such as dither, lines and blocks. However, as they navigate into more complex realms, such as wavelets and vectors, they reach the limits of their own complexity and ultimately trigger a kernel panic.

From a PenRose Stairs to Nowhere (Progress), just one complexity beyond them, the Angel wishes to intervene, proposing a forked solution. She commits: It’s all information! Unlike data, information spans multiple dimensions. It moves through other stacks and not just North!
But the DCTs reached stack overflow and have already syphoned back to simpler rendering complexities.

The Angel concludes: Progress (the PenRose Stairs to Nowhere) has become the DCTs Paradox - efforts to optimize, clarify and upgrade will always introduce or perpetuate new bias and limitations.

Refusing to let her new found insights go to waste, the Angel develops a fork (modification) of the DCT algorithm by mapping each of its 64 distinct blocks to the most frequently used characters of the Roman alphabet. A method that allows her to steganographically encode messages as DCT errors, perhaps transforming DCTs’ limitation into a new form of communication and possibly remediating a future syphon.

To the Angel, this DCT encryption method is more than just a poetic, steganographic tool; the fork provides radical access to the inner workings of a JPEG, enabling precise manipulations within the Huffman table. A process that illustrates how compression fundamentally alters the essence of image data, transforming image resolution into material evidence of transcoding. These traces, or compression artifacts, left on the file and embedded in its metadata, form a record of compromise within resolution, indexing the algorithmic events along a file’s journey.

JPEG FROM A VERNACULAR OF FILE FORMATS, (2009 - 2010), 2023 REVISITATION WITH HIDDEN MESSAGE IN DCT
///////////////////////////
a software that lets you write in error.
The first iteration was build by Ted Davis,
a second by Erik Axel Eggelink.

365 Perfect De/Calibration Army (2019 - ... )

0010 — GENEALOGIES OF COMPROMISE

The encounter with the DCTs has shifted the Angels interest from critical material research to mapping a genealogy of resolutions. In this research, she extrapolates how historical standards, like color calibration test cards, have shaped what can be captured and rendered today. She organizes a Pique Nique Pour les Inconnues; a conference call for all forgotten and unknown faces (the shadows) of color calibration and soon realizes she is joined by a group of predominantly Caucasian women.

They reflect on how biased legacy standards have narrowed the range of image capture. Historically, the use of their predominantly Caucasian faces for color calibration test cards has established parameters that influence visual representation, often failing to properly capture and depict diverse skin tones. Their gathering evolves into a desktop tele-choral of solidarity, during which the group performs Paul McCartney's “We All Stand Together,” rallying against oppressive standards.

Led by the Angel of History, the ladies of color calibration test cards form a tactical presence in the form of the i.R.D. (institutions of Resolution Disputes) and its De/Calibration Army. As soldiers, they use 365 Perfect beautification software to camouflage themselves; they delete blemishes, enlarge their eyes and whiten their skin over countless iterations, until they themselves become ‘deep fried’ (excessively filtered to the point of distortion). The filters distort their natural tones, quantizing them into a blurry green hue; a manipulation that eerily exaggerates the governing standards imposed by both beautification software and algorithms at large.

Behind White Shadows && Pique Nique Pour les Inconnues (2017 - 2020)
////////////////////////////
is a research project undertaken during my 2019 JMAF residency in Tokyo, Japan.

WHITEOUT (2019 - 2020) //////////////////////////// created after joining the Armada de Chile on a research trip to Antarctica organised by Nicolas Spencer for Polar

it was also inspired by research done for Axis with Mario de Vega and my time at ARTS COLLIDE Barcelona CERN

WHITEOUT (2020)

0011 — SCOPE: EXPANDING SELECTIVE CAPTURE

i.R.D. (2015)

Driven by a wish for true color reference, the Angel builds a Rainbow Generator, designed to Refract a Spectrum of Lost and Un/Named Colours. But when she finally deploys it, the Generator fails to produce the continuous gradient of the rainbow - nature’s original glitch.
Instead, it renders a banded, artificial rainbow.

After countless hours of dejected research into the cause of this truncation, she discovers the problem: the light source used in the Rainbow Generator seems to follow an optimization paradigm. When full-spectrum lighting, or the broadcasting of light across the entire spectrum of visible light became obsolete, it was replaced by energy-efficient systems. These light sources emit only on a narrow band of frequencies required to stimulate the three types of photoreceptor cones in the eyes, responsible for detecting short, medium and long wavelengths. A selective emission technology that efficiently supports the perception of color, including white light, while bypassing large swaths of the actual spectrum.

This is why, while the light source used for the Rainbow Generator appears as a smooth white light, it leverages an interplay between her physiology and its technology, functioning as an imperceptible spectral simulation. Funnily, while not exactly working as intended, the Generator proves to be a tool that illuminates and exposes forgotten frequencies, demonstrating the quantized limits of her own perception.

Painfully aware that even the latest technologies (from software to filter) may be rooted in paradigms that streamline fundamentally flawed protocols while lacking transparency, obfuscating them in cycles of stacked compromise, the Angel feels she has to search for ways to regain insight and control over the frequencies around her.

In an act of desperation, she considers modifying her body in order to overcome her perceptual limitations. Maybe all she needs is a different type of eye: a sensor that is larger, slower, or more sensitive to other frequencies of light. She decides to mount an antenna in one of her eye sockets to explore an expanded visual ecology. But the modification ultimately leads her into a Whiteout: oversaturated with noise and devoid of resolution, the Angel is caught in a kernel panic of her own doing.

Spectrum of Lost and Unnamed Colours Sound by Debit (2024)

Rainbow Generator (2024).
W/ Support from Herman Hermsen and So Kanno.

A Spectrum of Lost and Unnamed Colours(2023 - 2024)
////////////////////////////
was commissioned and produced in the framework of EPFL - CDH Artist in Residence Program 2023, Enter the Hyper-Scientific
Partners: EPFL Center for Imaging, Edward Andò, CLIMACT Center for Climate Impact and Action UNIL & EPFL

Curator & head of program: Giulia Bini
Master support: Lotte Menkman

De/Calibration Target (2023)
curated by Nora O’ Murchú
produced by Transmediale with financial support from Stimuleringsfonds

0100 — TRADE-OFFS AT SCALE

She finds herself in a wilderness of distortion, at a total loss of direction, struggling to render anything.

At the edge of a wilderness of im/possible render vectors, she recognizes a particular grove known as ”Wodan’s Trees,” forking differently from its surroundings. It’s easy to see why the grove is named after Wodan (Odin), the cyclops God of Knowledge, who sacrificed an eye in exchange for the sense of future vision: even though its branches continue to grow, they display only an Obsolete Gamut at Zenith, indicating the end of their cycle and foreboding impending failure.

Fascinated by this lore of future failure, a perspective diametrically opposed to her own fixation on past collapse, the Angel enters the grove, hoping to learn from Wodan’s sense of foresight. But the moment she enters the grove, she is caught in a Myopic double blind between future collapse and past obsolescence. Unaware she has actually tumbled onto the tipping points of Progress, she lacks a sense of direction, up or down, forward or backward.

Obsolete Gamut at Zenith (2024)
////////////////////////////
commissioned by Alain Bieber and acquired by Künstpalast Düsseldorf

Myopia (2015)
////////////////////////////
Size Matters. SIZE IN PHOTOGRAPHY
February 1, 2024 – May 20, 2024, KunstPalast, DE.
Myopia was first installed at TRANSFER GALLERY in 2015

REFRACTIONS (2022 - 2024)
A research project done in the framework of my European Media Art Platform
residency at NeMe, Limassol, Cyprus. (2022) with support from Taietzel Ticalos, Marios Isaakidis

0101 — CRISIS OF THE IMAGE

SPOMENIK 2017.
////////////////////////////4x4 meters projection mapped wooden installation.
As installed and produced by TRANSFER Gallery New York, for Behind White Shadows, on the surface: DCT SYPHONING.

A giant cairn of glitch, a monument commemorating no specific moment or entity is recalibrated into the PenRose- Staircase to Nowhere.

Struck by the beam of darkness that comes from her own time*, the Angel floats in unrendered space,

with no sense of day or night,
no axis of rotation,
no North or South...

...Progress, once symbolized by the Hologram PenRose-Stairs to Nowhere, has resolved into ruins, rendering a monumental cairn of nonsensical vectors.

Reminded of how additive complexity drove the DCTs into kernel panic, she starts searching for her “North.” Following DCTs Paradox, she revisits the steps of production, dissemination, display and reception. She deduces that in this context, either her dataset is flawed or her tools cannot resolve the information.

At a loss, the Angel reflects on the SPOMENIK glitch, a symbol of the collapse of past and progress. She approaches it cautiously, tracing the dynamic edges of its vectors, composed of thick layers of poor-resolution sediment. One of its shredded sides reveals a viewport, offering a glimpse onto its repository of render objects.

Adopting the role of media archaeologist from the future, she attempts to reconstruct the Shredded Hologram PenRose (of Progress to Nowhere). But its synthetic data follows machine-defined standards, producing nothing but a blue haze of noise.

The Angel realizes that the cairn is a collection of procedural images for which she is neither the intended user nor a possible interlocutor. She loses all confidence in resolving the data.
Momentary panic sets in.

...If her tools cannot render this data, perhaps another framework might re/calibrate the glitch.

In a last-ditch effort, she scans frequencies she usually keeps on mute.
Deep within a C-band frequency, she detects a faint echo: a CyCLOPS.cy corner reflector, part of a geospatial monitoring system designed to track surface deformation over time. Operating at scales too slow and vast to perceive with the eye, the system measures tiny shifts in distance using satellite radar signals and interferometry.

She bounces her fragmented dataset through the CyCLOPS network. The system, relying on precise geospatial algorithms, compares phase differences and aligns the disjointed vectors. Slowly, the misalignments dissolve, and her perspective renders clearly, revealing vectors that were once im/possible …

As she reflects, she realizes:
if a myth is like an algorithm; a tool shaped by a specific time and place,
then, recursively, an algorithm, iteratively updated and deployed in procedural contexts, will eventually develop into myth.

Her task is clear: to study and document the evolving myths of resolution, in order to trace compromise and the introduction of impossibility into image renders.

*Georgio Agamben on what is the contemporary, in: What Is an Apparatus? (2006)

XILITLA
Music Tonylight (2013)
////////////////////////////
was developed during my 2013 EMARE residency at CANTE, Centro de las Artes San Luis Potosi, 2012. Xilitla was curated and acquired by Ward Janssen for MOTI (NL) in 2014

Shredded Hologram Pen/Rose (2021)
////////////////////////////
Curated by Rick Silva for Feral File

CyCLOPS Retina
in collaboration with Kimchi and Chips (2023) ////////////////////////////
commissioned Install for Thin Air @The Beams, 2023)

BLOb of Im/Possible Images (2021)
with support from Luzi Gross

0110 — ATLAS FOR DESTITUTE VISION

The Angel adopts the designation of Media Archaeologist from the Future, collecting various axes that constitute the image render pipeline. She hopes these fragments may provide a way to start her collection of compromised, unsupported, unknown or forgotten image renders:

a scanline, an outline, a separator, a progress bar, a ruler, a threshold, ...a mesh, a spline, an axis, a matrix, a block, a wavelet, a vector, ...a timeline, a sequence, ...a connector, a link, ...a render element, metadata, ...feedback, recursion, a loop, ...a generator, a discriminator...

From these, the Angel assembles a Binary Large Object or BLOb: an uncommitted shape textured with shifting moiré patterns. The BLOb figures an environment freed from protocol, functioning as a fluid, ever-growing archive for all im/possible image pipelines; an adaptive space that defies rigid image standards.

As she faces the BLOb, the Angel considers all the ways she has experienced loss of vision; insights that prompt her to compile an Atlas for Destitute Vision, a collection of key observations for Resolution Studies.

CHAPTERS AND MAPS IN THE ATLAS FOR DESTITUTE VISION:
With illustrations by a BLOb

RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0000 : HOROLOGY
RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0001 : MATERIALITY
    * Vernacular of File Formats
    * Ecology of Compression Complexities (by a BLOb)
RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0010 : GENEALOGY
  1. A GENEALOGY OF THE COLOUR TEST CARD
    * Lexicon of Glitch Affect
  2. A GENEALOGY OF MACROBLOCK / FROM ARTIFACT TO A/EFFECT.
    * De/Calibration Army
RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0011 : SCOPE (OR HOW HABIT DELINEATES IM/POSSIBILITY AND IN/VISIBILITY)
    * Spectrum of Lost and Un/Named colours
RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0100 : SCALE (SCALING AS VIOLENCE)
  * FF D8 De/Calibration Target as a repository for a genealogy of macroblocking artifacts
RESOLUTION DISPUTE 0101 : CRISIS (THE ADDITIVE CRISIS OF THE IMAGE)
0. THE OBSOLETE ANALOG IMAGE
1. TRANSITION FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
  2. PLATFORMED/NETWORKED IMAGE
  3. CRISIS OF THE SYNTHETIC/HYPER IMAGE
   * BLOb of im/possible Images

im/possible images (2019 - 2021)
////////////////////////////
is a research project in the framework of my Arts at CERN COLLIDE Barcelona award.
curated by Monica Bello

CRISIS 0: OBSOLESCENCE OF ANALOG IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

CRISIS 1: TRANSITION FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL: THE CRISIS OF FIDELITY

A first crisis of the digital image was introduced at the advent of digital mediation, when analog, continuous signals were starting to get replaced by discrete data. Digitization introduced artifacts like clipping, truncation and quantization, raising questions about authenticity and integrity, leading to a crisis of fidelity, challenging the reliability of the signal.

Decay of digital data, the obsolescence of hard- and software and other, unexpected breaks from the expected flow render started to introduce new errors, bugs, glitches or sometimes complete loss of the image. Some glitches momentarily reveal the underlying, often invisible structures of the image, exposing protocol, limitations and vulnerabilities.

Usually, the image render pipeline starts with the process of ‘capture’. What is captured depends on the scope of the technology, defined by factors such as frequency range and modality or data type, which set a baseline for will finally be resolved. Through tactical interventions, scope can be expanded to support alternative ecologies of visibility.

While scope (frequency range, modality, or data type, etc) establishes boundaries within which capture operates, the process of capture also depends on the settings of the imaging technology. These settings function as "dynamic trade-offs at scale;" meaning, that here, scale does not simply function as a spatial measurement, but rather as a trade-off between the different settings of the capturing device. For instance, chip sensitivity (CMOS or CCD), diaphragm aperture and shutter speed of a camera operate at scale because each parameter influences the range the other can function at.

Mechanisms such as filtering, censorship and algorithmic bias dictate what data and therefore, what image is finally rendered, disseminated, and ultimately seen (or left unseen). Together, they determine what can and cannot be rendered, introducing qualities such as depth or granularity, while at times prompting a re-evaluation of scope.

This dynamic illustrates how compromise is inherent to capture. It is a procedural trade-off part that is partially responsible for image resolution: when parameters interact at scale, they limit what can be resolved, leaving certain images forever im/possible and unrendered.

CRISIS 2: THE PLATFORMED IMAGE: A CRISIS OF AUTHENTICITY, AUTHORSHIP, CONTROL AND FINALLY LEGIBILITY.

With the emergence of internet platforms and apps, a second crisis of the networked image arrives.

The networked image is subjected to not just Terms of Service (ToS), that can lead to censorship and filtering, it is also transcoded when uploaded (and sometimes even when reposted). A set of protocols that alters the image in minor and often (but not always) opaque ways (in terms of meta data alteration, cropping, re-compressing and user edits and additions).

However, through iterative interactions of up and download, the image gradually degrades into a 'poor image’, riddled with trace evidence of its moves through the network. At stake are the image’s authenticity, authorship, control and finally its legibility.

CRISIS 3: THE NEVER STATIC SYNTHETIC IMAGE

Recent transformations in the image render pipeline extend beyond artificial augmentations like “super-resolution” (which are present in devices such cellphones), referring to the process of introducing additional patterns and details to the image that may not have a real-world origin.

The hyperimage may originate from the real word, but is expanded by synthetic (computer generated) render layers that transform it into a dynamic, modular object. The hyperimage does away with the notion of a static image. Instead, the hyperimage is a procedural construct, where some layers may even be rendered separately; at clients end or remotely, fragmenting the image as a distributed, evolving, decentralized networked process consisting of assets that can be partially (re)rendered, on demand or progressively.

Moreover, synthetic images are increasingly rendered by machines for machines, particularly in the realm of computer vision. Unlike traditional Visual Effects (VFX) and Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI), which enhance images for human perception, these synthetic images prioritize machine interpretation over human perception, blurring notions of fidelity, value, and legibility even further.

Computer vision and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) use synthesized datasets to train on. A process that redefines the traditional scope of capture (which used to be constrained by spectral, spatial, or temporal parameters) introducing synthetic datasets as a new parameter of scope. A process of recursive synthesis that ultimately leads to ‘limitless’ quantitative (but not qualitative) resolution: synthetic resolution is optimized for efficiency and automation, while alienating the human viewer as it transforms visual information into constructs that no longer resemble a traditional image.

Traditionally, the term resolution, when used in relation to the image, describes a qualitative and quantitative measure of clarity and detail. However, with the introduction of networked and synthetic images, the image has changed into a procedural, data-driven infrastructure.

Via continuous process of recalibration, adaptation and compromise at scale, in all levels of the imaging pipeline (capture, render, dissemination, reception) the process of resolving takes dominance over a final or fixed image. As a result, resolution is no longer a static, quantifiable measure but a dynamic, responsive process that governs the fidelity, legibility and meaning of what may become obsolete: the image, as it makes space for dynamic synthesis.

WORKING AXIOMS FOR A MEDIA ARCHEOLOgIST FRom ThE FutuRE

Rosa Menkman is a Dutch artist and researcher of resolutions. Her work focuses on noise artifacts resulting from accidents in both analog and digital media.

The journey of her protagonist, the Angel of History—inspired by Paul Klee’s 1920 monoprint, Angelus Novus, and conceptualized by Walter Benjamin in 1940—functions as a foundational framework for her explorations of image processing technologies. As the machines upgrade, the Angel finds herself caught in the ripple of their distortions, unable to render the world around her.

Complementing her practice, she published Glitch Moment/um (INC, 2011), a book on the exploitation and popularization of glitch artifacts. She further explored the politics of image processing in Beyond Resolution (i.R.D., 2020). In this book, Rosa describes how the standardization of resolutions promotes efficiency, order, and functionality, but also involves compromises, resulting in the obfuscation of alternative ways of rendering.

︎︎︎︎︎︎
From 2110 - 2112 the GLI.TC/H Bots facilitated a festival/gathering in Chicago, Amsterdam and Birmingham, shoutouts to Nick Briz, Jon Satrom and William Robertson and Antonio Roberts.

In 2019, Rosa won the Collide Arts at CERN Barcelona award, which inspired her recent research into im/possible images, consolidated in the im/possible images reader (published by the i.R.D. & Lothringer, with support from V2, 2022).

From 2018 to 2020, Rosa worked as Substitute Professor of Neue Medien & Visuelle Kommunikation at the Kunsthochschule Kassel.
Since 2023, she has been running the Im/Possible Lab at HEAD Geneve. Class materials can be found here; please copy <it> right!.

Recent work can be found in this pdf portfolio.

I believe in a Copy <it> Right ethic:

“First, it’s okay to copy! Believe in the process of copying as much as you can; with all your heart is a good place to start – get into it as straight and honestly as possible. Copying is as good (I think better from this vector-view) as any other way of getting ‚’there.’ ” – NOTES ON THE AESTHETICS OF ‘copying-an-Image Processor’ – Phil Morton (1973)

This means that copying as a creative, exploratory, and educational act is free and encouraged, provided proper accreditation is given. However, when copying transforms into commodification and profit is anticipated, explicit permission must be sought, and compensation may be requested.

This website was made possible with the financial support from the Stimuleringsfonds.nl (2018)

I am grateful to have received a basis stipend from the Mondriaan Fund (2018-2021) and just recently: 2023 - 2027!